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What is a Belleville Washer?

These cupped spring washers flatten out as

 pressure is applied to them. They are commonly used to produce exceptionally high loads in small areas. Coned disk washers can absorb and dampen shocks and vibration as well, making them useful in many industries and applications.

The Many Industry Terms of Belleville

 Washers

Belleville Coned – Disc Conical Cupped Spring Spring Lock Spring Conical Spring Disc Spring Belleville Spring  

How Conical Washers Work

The conical spring washer has a cone shape that presses against the underside of the bolt head and into the installation material. This increased tension has a number of benefits including:

• Vibration Control (Lock Washer)
• Pre-Load
• Increased Load
• Increased Deflection
• Spacing
• Dampen/Absorb Shocks

Relevant Definitions

Pre-Load

Refers to the axial load placed on a fastener. Pre-load is considered to be 75% of the proof-load.

Proof-load

A test load a fastener MUST be able to hold without causing any compromise in its integrity. Considered the maximum safe load of a fastener.

Deflection

The degree to which a structural element is displaced under a load.

Due to their resistance to vibrations, conical washers are also considered to be lock washers as they perform a similar function. These disc spring washers are not only useful on their own but can be stacked in several different structures for increased resistance / absorption as well.

Belleville Spring Washer Stacks

Spring washers can be stacked in several structures to increase certain characteristics they produce for optimal performance.

Series Stack

A series stack involves placing the washers top to bottom so that they create a gap in the middle. This can greatly increase the deflection of the stack by adding a spring like effect to the washers. *Note: This stack does not increase the load capacity of the fastener assembly.

Parallel Stack

A parallel stack involves placing all of the washers in the same direction. Each added washer increases the load capacity of the stack. *Note: The deflection does not increase based on this stack.

 

Parallel/Series Stack

The mixed parallel/series stack involves performing both types of stacks in a single fastener assembly. This increases both the load and deflection and can be arranged to suit almost any situation as needed to comply with the project needs.

Please note that while Belleville spring lock washers are exceptionally versatile and can be stacked in multiple configurations, the washer that rests against the installation material must always have it’s widest portion against the material.

Belleville Washer Uses

Due to Belleville washers being so versatile, they have many different uses and can be found in many different industries.

Spring Washer Uses

Locking (Prevent Fasteners Vibrating Loose) Limit effects of Relaxation Spring Resolve Thermal Expansion Spacer Dampen/Absorb Shock Deter Bolt Yield Extra Tension Shim  

Industries That Use Conical Washers

Energy Utility Transmission Distribution Pump and Valve Manufacturing Chemical Automotive Transportation Industrial Automation And Many More  

Can Belleville Washers Be Reused?

Yes, Belleville conical washers can be reused, repeatedly, as long as they are not damaged. Overloading and over-torquing these washers can wear them out over time. As long as they are used properly and checked before reuse, these fasteners can be used again and again to complete projects.

Belleville Washer Installation

Installing Belleville washers is very easy. There are only a few steps to consider:

1. Determine the project load capacity and deflection.
2. Decide which Spring Washer Stack will give you the optimal results.
3. Slide the washers onto a bolt in the optimal stack.
4. Slide the bolt through the installation material with the stack pressing against the installation material (remember the base washer must be facing down).
5. Tighten the bolt against the other side of the installation material.

 

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Additional reading:
Top 10 Gate Valve Manufacturers in the USA

 

Some people who may need to use compression spring applications that require high load may not be able to distinguish which kind of washers that would best suit for their needs. However, one of the most commonly recommended items for this purpose is the Belleville washer.

What is a Belleville washer?

The Belleville washer is a conical-shaped metal disk designed to support high loads with small deflections compared to conventional helical springs. This washer is often used to reduce vibration, thermal expansion, relaxation and bolt problems. What makes the Belleville washer stand out from other kinds of washers is that it can meet all locking device requirements that other types of washers could not provide.

The main advantage of using a Belleville washer is that once the clamping pressure is applied, it equally distributes the load instead of just concentrating on one part of the washer.

Uses of Belleville Washers

The Belleville washer has been widely known because of properties that make it stand out among others. These include the following:

•          The characteristic curve of a Belleville washer makes it possible to be used in various combinations with the necessary support that an application needs.
•          Other washers have limitations when carrying a load, unlike the Belleville washers that can support large loads even with small insulation space.
•          Because of its annular shape, it is able to force transmission in the center thus being able to equally distribute the load.

The characteristics of the Belleville washer make it useful in landmines. Once the spring has been stepped on by a person or a vehicle, the pressure exerted causes the trigger to flip the adjacent firing pin that is connected to a detonator.

This washer is used as a locking device but only in applications that require low dynamic loads such as down-tube shifters in bicycles.

It is also used as an indicator of swelling or shrinkage of wooden propellers in aircrafts. Automobiles also use this kind of disc spring to reduce vibration and noise.

These washers have also been used in the construction of buildings wherein stacks of disc springs are used under buildings as vibration dampers for earthquakes.

Belleville Disc Springs

DIN 2093 Belleville springs are conical disc springs with elastic properties. These springs are manufactured according to the specifications of DIN 2093 standards, which recommend thickness of more than 6 mm supporting surface.

Springs that follow this manufacturing standard have the ability to accommodate high spring load that traditional helix springs could not provide.

Factors In Choosing the Right Kind of Belleville Washer

Belleville washers come in different designs and sizes. Each of them serves a specific requirement. To help you choose the right kind of Belleville washer, you need to consider the following factors:

•          Torque: This refers to the amount of force that you place on the bolt to flatten the washer to its optimum shape to be able to secure clamping.
•          Diameter: The correct diameter of the washer to be used in the application should be carefully chosen to be able to provide the needed support that your system needs. 
•          Finish: You must be able to determine the kind of environment that the washer may be exposed to so you can eliminate the possibility of breaking the washer due to unfavorable conditions.

Final Word

We hope this guide can help you decide whether a Belleville washer is useful for your intended purpose. If you decide to go for Belleville washers, make sure to take care of them just like you would the entire machine or system.

For more disk spring suppliers chinainformation, please contact us. We will provide professional answers.