Abrasion resistant steel plate AR450 for sale

AR450 plate, also known as wear resistant plate, are abrasion resistant (AR) quenched and tempered alloy steels. This grade of alloy steel exhibits high abrasion resistance and hardness. The addition of carbon and manganese coupled with quenching and tempering increase the hardness of the steel and create a durable, impact-resistant surface. However, as hardness increases, formability and the ability to easily machine and weld the alloy decrease. Special machining processes are needed to prevent work hardening and chipping during manufacturing.

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Abrasion resistant steels are not intended for structural applications. These steels should not be used for structural or main load-bearing members because of the possibility that brittle fracture may occur in these high hardness steels at the high stress levels encountered in such applications.

Thanks to High hardness and tensile strength give a steel high resistance to abrasion, AR400, AR450 and AR500 plate are used in applications where abrasive materials such as grains, coal, ore, cement, gravel, light aggregate, and earth are being handled. It is a common material for conveyors, chutes, linings, hoppers and handling equipment in the materials handling and mining industries, for example, ladles and lip plates of earth-moving machines, wearing parts of mining machines, concrete mixing plants and wood processing machines, platform structures, feeders and funnels.

• Chemical Composition Content %, Maximum

Thickness mm/Cut lengths Heavy Plates C Si Mn P S Al Cr Ni Mo B 3 &#; 12 5&#;30 0.20 0.70 1.70 0.030 0.015 0.060 1.50 0.40 0.50 0.004 -------- (30)&#; 60 0.24 0.70 1.70 0.030 0.015 0.060 1.00 0.70 0.50 0.004

• Mechanical Properties of AR450 Plate

Thickness mm Cut lengths Heavy plates Yield strength
Rp0,2 N/mm² Tensile strength
Rm N/mm² ElongationA5 % HardnessrangeHBW Impactstrengtht°C KV J 3 &#; 12 5 &#; 15 10 360 &#; 420 -40 40 -------- (15) &#; 30 10 380 &#; 450 -40 20 -------- (30) &#; 60 8 380 &#; 480 -40 20

The processing of AR 450 Plates

 Welding

All the normal welding procedures can be used, provided that a professional welder pays special attention to the following factors:           

• Use of correct working temperature.
• Correct choice of welding consumables.
• Suitable arc energy.

A reserved attitude to post-weld heat treatments should be taken because they have a tendency to weaken the most important property of these steels i.e. wear resistance.

 Working Temperature

Increasing the working temperature slows the cooling of welded joints, which decreases the generation of a microstructure that is too hard and brittle and vulnerable to cracking in the heat affected zone.  It is advisable to increase the working temperature of AR 450 steels when the combined plate thickness exceeds about 40mm. Generally a good working temperature of 100°C is enough to ensure a good result. However, when heavy and complicated structures are welded and when welding takes place under difficult circumstances, a higher 150°C &#; 200°C, working temperature is recommended.  A higher working temperature than this may weaken the mechanical properties.

 Welding Consumables

Either conventional, so called non-alloyed filler materials or so called alloyed materials that produce higher strength weld metals can be used as filler material.  Generally non-alloyed filler materials are silicon and manganese alloyed and the strength of the weld metal they produce remains lower than the strength of the hardened base material.

An important advantage of non-alloyed filler material is that the softer weld metal they produce responds better to welding stresses.  This is due to the better elongation and deformation ability of the soft weld metal in comparison with high strength weld metal.  It is highly advisable to use low-hydrogen, basic filler materials so that the amount of hydrogen will remain safely low.

 Heat-Treatment

The steels are not intended to be heat treated during or after fabrication.  Tempering at moderate temperatures, 150°C - 200°C, is the only heat treatment which will without fail allow the steel to retain its original wearing properties.

 Flame Cutting

A heat affected zone will build up on a thermally cut surface which is similar to the heat affected zone on a fusion welded steel surface.  The surface hardens to a depth of 1mm-2mm during flame cutting and post heat results in a soft tempered layer below this.  When flame cutting, the pre-heating and working temperature instructions concerning welding can be used as a guideline.  In practice it is advisable to preheat when cutting plates, if the thickness is over 10mm.

The maximum allowable working temperature must be kept below 200°C in order that the wear resistance will meet requirements throughout the plate.  The cooling of a cut surface must not be accelerated under any circumstances, on the contrary, the cooling of the plate surface can be slowed down if necessary.  A plate brought in from cold outside storage must be allowed to warm up sufficiently before cutting.

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By: Hobart Brothers

Welding abrasion-resistant steel plates, commonly called AR plates, presents several unique challenges that welding operators should know how to address in order to maximize their effectiveness and efficiency. 

Welding abrasion-resistant steel plates, commonly called AR plates, presents several unique challenges that welding operators should know how to address in order to maximize their effectiveness and efficiency.

AR plates are specifically designed for long service life in harsh conditions, which is the reason for their incredibly high hardness. It&#;s also why they are often used in mining or quarrying, earthmoving and construction industries. Heavy equipment manufacturers, for example, use AR plates to extend the service life of critical components that are frequently involved in impact and/or sliding contact with abrasive materials. As a result, they are frequently used on backhoe buckets and teeth, bulldozer blades and dump truck beds to protect them from excessive wear.

AR plates come in a variety of sizes (both lengths and widths) and can range in thickness from 1/2 to more than 2 inches. Regardless of the size or thickness, it is important to note that this plate should only be used for wear applications and is not recommended for structural use.

The names of AR plate products typically indicate the hardness of the material. Most plate product numbers range from 200 to 500 &#; for example, AR 200, AR400 or AR500. The number in the material name (e.g. the 400 in AR400) usually refers to the material hardness based on the Brinell Hardness scale. As a rule, the harder the material, the more resistant it will be to abrasive wear.

Here are three common challenges that welding AR plates can present, along with their respective solutions.

Challenge No. 1: Welding an AR plate to itself or any structure with dissimilar and softer or lower-strength steel                                                                                                                             In this scenario, the biggest challenge is cracking, which could occur in the weld metal or heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the AR plate due to rapid cooling or highly restrained joints. It could also result from excessive hydrogen in the weld metal or the use of filler metals with limited resistance to cracking.

One way to combat rapid cooling and reduce hydrogen levels, and thereby reduce cracking, is to pre-heat the base metal before welding. The material to be pre-heated and its thickness will determine the proper pre-heat temperature. Figure 1 shows some pre-heating examples. Always consult the material manufacturer for the recommended preheat procedures.

Next, avoid locating the weld joint in a highly restrained area &#; an area defined by the inability of the base material, weld metal or overall weldment to expand and contract freely. Weld shorter, smaller fillet welds to reduce heat input and overall residual stresses on the AR plate.

Lastly, choose a filler metal with the least amount of hydrogen content that is still capable of providing good toughness and high impact values.

Figure 1. These figures are examples only. Always consult the material manufacturer for recommended pre-heat procedures.

Challenge No. 2: Choosing the right filler metal for welding AR plate to dissimilar steels      The tensile strength of the base metal the AR plate is being welded onto will determine which filler metal is the most appropriate. Some of the most common ASTM grade base metals joined to AR plate include A36, A572 GR50, A656, GR80 and A514 steels.

As a general rule, choose filler metals that match the lower strength of the base material and ones that feature lower hydrogen &#; both help minimize the potential for cracking. Different AR plate manufacturers recommend different tensile strengths for welding AR plate to a particular grade base metal. You should always check those recommendations before making your final filler metal selection. Figure 2 provides some filler metal options for welding AR plate.

Figure 2.

Challenge No. 3: Repairing or replacing AR plates on existing, dirty equipment or in the field Repairing equipment that has been in service and/or having to do the job in the field is never ideal, but it is often necessary. Unfortunately, the base material and the AR plate will likely be affected by dirt, rust or other debris from general use.

To address this issue, one option is to use a gas-shielded flux cored wire; this is a good choice for repairs in the shop. A wire with a T-5 basic slag system such as American Welding Society (AWS) E71T-5C is ideal for this application due to its toughness, high resistance to hydrogen pickup and ability to weld through light rust and mill scale. All of these features help improve the crack resistance of the final weld.

In the shop or field, use a low hydrogen stick electrode with a base slag system &#; an AWS E, for example &#; to repair or replace AR plate on existing equipment. Low hydrogen basic slag stick electrodes have good toughness properties to accommodate for the residual stress of welded AR plate and can provide excellent as-welded mechanical properties, high resistance to hydrogen pickup and they offer the ability to weld through contaminants (light mud, rust, or oil) that can accumulate on equipment.

In the field, where there is concern of losing shielding gas due to breezes and/or if the application doesn&#;t require high impact properties, use a self-shielded flux cored wire with a T-4, T-7 or T-11 classification. These types of wire generate their own shielding gas to protect the weld pool from contamination and eliminate the need to haul gas tanks into the field.

Armed with these tips, it will be easier to avoid cracks when welding AR plates &#; not to mention they can help prevent lost time and money. When in doubt about the filler metal to use or any other part of the process, consult a trusted filler metal manufacturer, distributor or steel provider, accordingly.

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