Exploring Ingredients – Occlusives & Emollients

Exploring Ingredients – Occlusives & Emollients

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In our previous article, we discussed lotion ingredients. In this article, we will delve into two essential types of cosmetic ingredients: occlusives and emollients.

What are Occlusives?

Occlusive ingredients form a physical barrier on the skin, helping to retain moisture and keep the skin hydrated. These ingredients are generally heavier, greasier, and can feel sticky. Examples of occlusive ingredients include mineral oil, silicones, vegetable oils, animal fats, wax esters, hydrocarbons, and sterols. A prime example of an occlusive ingredient is petroleum jelly, which effectively creates a shield between the skin and external elements, maintaining moisture levels.

What are Emollients?

Emollient ingredients are known for their ability to soften and smooth the skin. They fill the gaps between skin cells, enhance barrier function, and improve membrane fluidity. Generally softer and silkier than occlusive agents, emollients can be found in natural sources such as wool fat, palm oil, and coconut oil. Oat ingredients, like Avena sativa (oat) kernel flour found in several lotions, are also emollients that contribute to skin texture and suppleness.

Differences Between Occlusives and Emollients

While occlusives create a barrier on the skin surface, emollients actively influence skin cell function. However, there are ingredients that serve as both occlusives and emollients. For instance, lanolin oil functions effectively as both, making it common in many lotions and cosmetic products.

The Functions of Occlusives and Emollients

Both of these ingredients are crucial in providing the desired properties in lotions. Although some creams lack powerful occlusive ingredients, most formulations include an emollient that works alongside other components like humectants to keep the skin soft and pliable.

Regulatory Aspects

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates both occlusive and emollient ingredients according to cosmetic guidelines, as they are frequently included in personal care products like lotions and moisturizers. However, it's important to note that the FDA does not approve or test cosmetic products before they are available for purchase. Manufacturers are solely responsible for ensuring product safety. If any safety concerns arise, the FDA can conduct tests and issue recalls as needed. Products that contain occlusive or emollient ingredients and claim to treat medical conditions, like eczema, are treated as over-the-counter drugs and are subject to the same stringent regulations.

Safety and Efficacy

Occlusive and emollient ingredients are deemed safe when used as directed. Manufacturers are encouraged to conduct tests on products containing these ingredients before they reach consumers. Certain ingredients, like lanolin, may irritate sensitive skin types, making it crucial for individuals with allergies to avoid such products to prevent adverse reactions.

Further Learning

For those eager to learn more about individual cosmetic ingredients, general safety information can be found at cosmeticsinfo.org, and detailed ingredient reports are available at cir-safety.org.

Conclusion: The Good News

As we've noted, frequent handwashing and sanitizing have led to increased instances of dry and cracked hands. Using lotions enriched with occlusive and emollient ingredients can significantly aid in healing and protecting the skin while maintaining hygiene practices.

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