Stone cracking agent and manufacture method thereof

The present invention relates to a kind of cracking agent and manufacture method thereof.

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Broken and the cutting of rock, explosive blasting is generally adopted in the dismounting of concrete structures, methods such as machinery or artificial cutting, but exist labour intensity big, work efficiency is low, waste resource, shortcomings such as poor stability and contaminate environment.

It is Powdered to utilize some organic compound and mineral compound to be deployed into, and the expansion that produces when carrying out water and reaction can make rock, and concrete etc. burst apart.The JP57- patent disclosure a kind of voiceless demolition agent, at first at iron content aluminium sosoloid 1.0%&#;40.0% (by weight), add borate 0.1%&#;20% again in the clinker of the free magnesium 60.0%&#;99.0% of free lime, secondly form at a kind of or its mixture that adds again in the above-mentioned clinker among carbohydrate, polyvalent alcohol, organic acid and the organic acid salt.Said clinker is that the compound of limy stone, rhombspar, iron filings, bauxite is formed at &#; &#; of roasting temperatures.The another kind of voiceless demolition agent of JP57- patent disclosure, it contains calcium oxide or magnesian ore grog was 5%&#;90% (by weight), sulfo group aluminum calcium salt accelerating chemicals 1%&#;40%, and add water reducer as required.Said ore grog is meant unslaked lime, calcination rhombspar, or the mixture of the two.Said sulfo group aluminum calcium salt accelerating chemicals is meant the aluminum calcium salt inorganics, dissolves the mixture of mixture and gypsum.The delayed expansion agent has inorganic salts such as V Soda, charcoal acid potassium, Sodium Tetraborate, oxidation hydrochlorate.Water reducer cement, ligninsulfonate, poly-alkane allylsulfonate, urea and other proteolytic resultants, sulfite waste liquor, granulated sugar class etc.The JP56- patent proposes a kind of voiceless demolition agent of fragility body, dead roasting unslaked lime with particle crystallization diameter 10&#;100 μ, pulverizing the back mixes with the hydraulic material by 30%&#;95%, this mixture adds mixture 0.5%&#;5% again by 100%, and mixture can use the mixture of following one or two or more kinds: the sulfonate of xylogen, higher polyol, fluorine-containing organic acid, alkylaryl sulphonate etc.The hydraulic material is common silicate, accelerated cement and salic cement.The CN patent application discloses a kind of soundless demolishing agent of high efficiency and manufacture method thereof, be mixed and made into by grog and admixture, the mineral composition of grog is clean CaO crystallization 65%&#;90%, tricalcium silicate C &#; [2] S15%&#;25%, iron phase 8%&#;20%, clean CaO is an iron phase parcel in the system, and its encapsulation ratio is 50%&#;80%.The CN patent application discloses a kind of by crossing calcined lime and setting and harden agent, urge solid toughener as host, add delayer, the cracking agent that the low temperature admixture is formulated, the weight ratio of above-mentioned raw materials is followed successively by 50%&#;95%, and 2.25%&#;22.5%, 2.75%&#;27.5%, 0.1%&#;4%, 0.5%&#;2%, water mixing weight ratio 30%&#;40%.The turgor pressure of existing cracking agent is less, generally at 350Kg/cm 2About, in practice of construction, must increase aperture, the hole depth of workpiece, shorten pitch-row, therefore also corresponding dosage and the cost of having increased finally influences the application of its reality.

It is bigger that purpose of the present invention aims to provide a kind of turgor pressure, stone cracking agent that practical cost is lower and manufacture method thereof.

Should contain (by weight as stone cracking agent, as follows): crossing ashing is 75%&#;92%, hardening accelerator is 0.5%&#;2.0%, the iron ore slag is 0.5%&#;1.5%, yellow soda ash is 0.6%&#;2.5%, and cement is 5%&#;11.5%, and gypsum is 0.5%&#;2.0%, the granulated sugar class is 0.8%&#;4%, and xylogen is 0.1%&#;1.5%.Should contain (by weight) fine coal in the said hardening accelerator is 50%&#;80%, and sodium sulfate is 20%&#;50%.

The used general available calcium oxide that contains of ashing excessively, the ore grog of magnesium oxide etc., for example Wingdale, rhombspar, bauxite etc. and their compound.Maturing temperature generally can be at &#; &#;.

The manufacturing of stone cracking agent can be carried out according to the following steps:

1. choose the raw material of each component (crossing ashing, fine coal, sodium sulfate, iron ore slag, yellow soda ash, cement, gypsum, xylogen) by above-mentioned certain proportioning.

2. cross the ashing fragmentation, ball milling, (40 order) sieves.

3. iron ore slag fragmentation, ball milling, (120 order) sieves.

4. yellow soda ash, granulated sugar grinding, (100 order) sieves.

5. xylogen fragmentation, (100 order) sieves.

6. each component and other component of choosing (fine coal, sodium sulfate, cement, gypsum) that sieve more than inciting somebody to action mixes, and stirs encapsulation.

During use, carry out working design earlier, promptly according to object and the condition used, calculate by the data of holes drilled design theory, draw the direction and the distribution in required aperture, pitch-row, array pitch, hole depth, hole, wherein the aperture is the important factor of decision crushing efficiency.Carry out the budgetary estimate of stone cracking agent usage quantity again.Hole on rock or concrete etc. according to above-mentioned working design, more required stone cracking agent and water are stirred into slurry, and be filled in rock or the concrete hole, generally can make crackings such as rock or concrete at normal temperatures.Its cracking process has expansion of solids, low pressure, and the characteristics of Jia Zaiing are therefore shockproof slowly, noiselessness, no slungshot, no poison gas, and stone cracking agent itself is not inflammable substance or explosive material, its production, storage, transportation, use are all fool proof.And when being applied to rock or concrete fragmentation or cutting, needn't consider dosage, igniter, measures for the prevention of explosion, engineering time and complicated design calculation need only consider how to hole, get a desired effect with dosage with minimum on the object that is broken or cuts.Simultaneously, exploit grouan, marble, white marble etc., can artificially cut the famine material of all size arbitrarily with stone cracking agent, the output height, useless broken material is few, the yield rate height, lithoidite texture is not damaged.Also be applicable to the broken or cutting of the concrete structures (as equipment, house foundation, bridge pier, abutment, culvert, dykes and dams, concrete pile, road surface, chimney base, pillar etc.) to various complexity, range of application is very extensive.In addition, because the present invention has improved the component of existing cracking agent, technical process and processing condition, the preferred proportioning of each component, having obtained turgor pressure significantly increases (the 300Kg/cm that requires much larger than international standard 2) stone cracking agent, its turgor pressure can reach 850Kg/cm 2Like this, comparing with existing cracking agent, is example with the exploitation rock, for identical rock, owing to the raising of turgor pressure, can obviously reduce aperture, hole depth and the number of petrosal foramen, sees embodiment for details.

Fig. 1 is a cutting granite 603 of the present invention #The petrosal foramen schema of waste material.

Fig. 2 is 300Kg/cm for existing turgor pressure 2Above cracking agent is used for the petrosal foramen schema of rock cutting.

The embodiment that below provides will the present invention is described further in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Embodiment 1: the ashing g that crosses that chooses through &#; &#; of roastings carries out fragmentation successively, ball milling, and (40 order) sieves.Other gets the iron ore slag fragmentation of 70g, ball milling, and (120 order) sieves.Get the yellow soda ash of 220g and the white sugar of 320g again and carry out grinding, (100 order) sieves.Get the 80g xylogen again through fragmentation, (100 order) sieves.With above-mentioned each component and 90g fine coal, 40g sodium sulfate, 650g cement, the gypsum of 150g mixes, and stirs, and can encapsulate.The plastic bag packaging that can grade by weight also can be by length, and bore grades and is packaged into " powder stick " that is cylindrical shape.

The stone cracking agent of above-mentioned gained is used for certain stone field cutting granite 603 #Waste material, as shown in Figure 1, grouan is of a size of 220cm * 86cm * 120cm.About 2.27m 3If the aperture of boring is 3cm, the turgor pressure of stone cracking agent is 850Kg/cm 2, then the total length that can try to achieve unit surface boring according to the data of holes drilled design theory is 622.7cm.If hole depth is 80cm, then must get hole count is 8, and pitch-row is 25cm.If with existing cracking agent is example, turgor pressure is 300Kg/cm 2, the aperture of boring still is 3cm, the total length that then can try to achieve unit surface boring is .4cm.If hole depth still is 80cm, then must hole 22, pitch-row is 9.6cm, referring to Fig. 2 and table 1.Obviously, because the present invention improved component, therefore the preferred proportioning of each component has significantly improved the turgor pressure of stone cracking agent, the consumption of construction working amount and stone cracking agent is greatly reduced, thereby reduced the cost of engineering.

Embodiment 2: chooses ashing g excessively, successively carries out fragmentation through &#; &#; of roastings, and ball milling, (40 order) sieves.The iron ore slag that other gets 150g carries out fragmentation, ball milling, and (120 order) sieves.Get the yellow soda ash of 250g and the white sugar of 400g again and carry out grinding, (100 order) sieves.The xylogen of getting 150g again is through fragmentation, and (100 order) sieves.With the fine coal of above-mentioned each component and 100g, the sodium sulfate of 100g, the cement of g, the gypsum of 200g mixes, after stirring by weight grade be encapsulated in the plastics bag.

The stone cracking agent of gained is used for cutting granite etc.,, can obtains good effect equally according to the data of holes drilled design theory.

Embodiment 3: chooses ashing g excessively, successively carries out fragmentation through &#;C roasting, and ball milling, (40 order) sieves.Other gets the iron ore slag of 50g through fragmentation, ball milling, and (120 order) sieves.Get the yellow soda ash of 60g and the white sugar of 80g again and carry out grinding, (100 order) sieves.Get the 10g xylogen again through fragmentation, (100 order) sieves.With above-mentioned each component and 40g coal ash, 10g sodium sulfate, 500g cement, the 50g gypsum mixes, and is packaged into the powder stick that is cylindrical shape by length and diameter grade after stirring, and can use.

Embodiment 4&#;6: table 1 provides the embodiment of 3 different proportionings, and its technological process, processing condition are identical with embodiment 1&#;3.Its comprehensive evaluation of the stone cracking agent of gained all meets the requirements, and turgor pressure is greater than 300Kg/cm 2

The routine burning ash of the proportioning (g) of table 1 embodiment 4&#;6 each components fine coal sodium sulfate iron ore slag yellow soda ash cement gypsum white sugar xylogen 4 8,000 108 72 120 250 850 200 300 1,005 8,500 90 60 100 200 570 150 250 806 9,000 70 30 50 100 500 100 100 50

Table 2 provides effect and the cost of winning of the waste material of three cutting granites and adjusts contrast. Can by table 2 See that the present invention has the turgor pressure height, the boring number is few, and dosage is few, the advantage that cost of winning is low.

Waste gauge lattice (cm)     100×100×100     200×100×100 Turgor pressure (Kg/cm2) 850 300 man-made recoveries 850 300 man-made recoveries The aperture, (cm) pitch-row, (cm) hole depth, (cm) hole count, (individual) boring length, (m) dosage, (kg) cost of winning, (unit/m3)      3      3     25    9.6     70     70     11     29    7.7   20.3    8.5   22.3  56.44 148.80    200     3      3     25   9.6     70    70     19    49   13.3   34.3   14.6   37.7  97.49   251.42  450

Table 2 the present invention and existing cracking agent and man-made recovery's table of comparisons

A simple technical guide how to choose your natural stone

Before facing the problem of choosing natural stone, this seems one of the simplest on Earth. And yet, only people who already decided which natural stone best suit their projects can tell you how difficult this operation is. Of course, for the first time we have to decide on the color, but we cannot limit it to a single product, because we will not decorate that space with only one type of natural stone. So we have to consider that color as an integral part of a system that must have harmonies and suitable contrasts.

We still have to choose the finish and tile size. But even now the selection is far from being complete, because, ultimately, we must also take into account the following parameters: water absorption, resistance to friction, physical resistance and durability. Let's take them one at a time.

Sealing

The water absorption of the stone is an extremely useful indicator that proves the resistance of the material to stains. A high water absorption means that the stone can stain because of liquids. The capacity of a stone to absorb water can vary greatly depending on the nature of the stone. Granite and marble have an absorption rate of less than 0.1%, while limestone and sandstone can record a rate of more than 10%. These figures speak for themselves about the characteristics of the material, and especially about the areas where the stones can best be used, as well as about natural stone aftercare.

From the table above, we notice that marble indicates a lower absorption degree, which would lead to the conclusion that marble is staining harder. Yet, this indicator does not reveal the whole phenomenon, because we still have to consider the stone composition. Some stains are caused by the chemical interaction between the components of the stone and the staining agent. For example, most of the limestones and marble contain calcite that is sensitive to reaction with acid solutions.

Thus, the wine spilled on one of these stones will leave stains not only by the deep penetration of the liquid into the pores of the stone but also by the superficial attack on the surface of the tile. Under these conditions, rocks whose composition is mostly composed of chemically inert (stable) minerals, such as quartz and feldspar (as found in granite), are more likely to withstand superficial staining.

Therefore, it is recommended that this type of inert mineral stones be used for flooring in risky areas from this point of view: bath and kitchen countertops, balcony balustrade, etc.

On the other hand, the aspect of the tile, determined by the internal structure of the rock, is also important. For example, a granite tile, whose composition is pigmented, can more easily "camouflage" a stain than a white marble tile. The case here is similar to a red wine stain on a red shirt compared to a red wine stain on a white shirt.

In conclusion, if the area where we install the natural stone is a very transitory and exposed to the risk of encountering frequent spills, it is advisable to choose a water-resistant stone and not to have minerals such as calcite. We will also consider a material that has a rich, variegated vein. Among the stones that meet these conditions we find granite, slate and marble with dense textures.

Very important! The rest of natural stone types that do not fit into this category can be used as bath and kitchen countertops if, for example, they are sealed and suitably maintained on time.

After all, the choice is made depending on everyone disposition to put more or less effort into the aftercare of that stone. We say this because there are materials that look absolutely fantastic, yet still many people use them in "risky" spaces.

Resistance to friction

This factor is especially important for stones used in interior design. A low friction resistance leads in time to a significant loss of stone gloss, scratches and a deeper texture degradation. Friction resistance (abrasion) is due to the hardness of the minerals that form the rock and the force between the particles that makes them stay together, to remain compact. Let's take a sandstone plate and a granite tile for comparison.

Both tiles contain quartz in a significant proportion. Quartz is a resistant and durable material, yet granite is considered more resistant to friction than sandstone. This different behavior is explained by the fact that particles in the granite composition are tighter, more compact, and in the sandstone their union is achieved by weaker forces and by a less durable clay. Through long-term friction, quartz granules can be displaced from the sandstone tile and on granite quartz granules allow the surface to gradually wear off.

A small index indicates low resistance to friction / abrasion. A number greater than 8 is an indicator that is usually considered sufficient, so that tile will be suitable for interior flooring in residential spaces. For commercial or public spaces, generally, if the tile is polished, it must have a friction resistance factor of at least 12. Such a factor will mean the stone's gloss will last longer. Obviously, this indicator needs to be higher for areas with high traffic.

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Polished surfaces are more sensitive to friction and the traces occurring especially on tiles with monochrome and homogeneous textures can be seen more easily. However, proper care (permanent removal of dust, pebbles and soil accidentally) can reduce the risk of scratch marks. Considering these data, it is advisable to use honed, brushed, tumbled or bush hammered tiles in heavy traffic areas.

Pressure resistance

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Pressure resistance (generally called "resistance") is denoted by MPa and describes the minimum required force at which the stone breaks under pressure or flexion (buckling).

If we try to break a 23 x 11 cm limestone brick with a 4 MPa pressure resistance, we will need to apply a force of 101,000 Newton, equivalent to approx. 10 tons.

Bending resistance

Bending resistance is another factor that is extremely relevant for thin and large tiles, such as slabs and half slabs (with lengths ranging from 290 cm to widths of 70 cm). These tiles have a great visual impact on landscaping and are therefore increasingly recommended by architects and designers. Also in this category, where the resistance to flexion is relevant, are also included large stone tiles, slate panels, kitchen countertops and bathroom countertops.

Here are some examples of flexural strength values for some of the most famous natural stones:

As you can see, all types of stone have a fairly high flexural strength spectrum, but even so, figures can predict the chance (the failure!) that the product breaks or cracks during transportation or installation. Another detail, closely related to this flexural strength index, is the size of the product. Suppose we have a 30 cm wide, 120 cm long and 1 cm thick granite tile, which has a flexural strength of 10 MPa.

We can place the board on two bricks at a distance of 110 cm between them. If we begin to put weights on the tile, when we reach 36 kg it breaks by half. The same material, with the same pressure resistance index, but 2 cm thickness, will break in half to a weight of ... 150 kg. So double thickness, 4 times higher flexural strength.

In fact, such a situation cannot happen in real life, the example is given purely to demonstrate the different material response according to thickness, but with the same degree of elasticity, flexion. Some of the conclusions that come out of the above demonstration: a double width of the tile doubles the risk of it bursting, a twice thicker tile will break at a four times the weight and the more resistance high on flexion, the harder it will be for the tile to break or crack.

Careful! These are just transport and installation situations. These risks are excluded when the tile, regardless of size, thickness or flexural strength, was suitably installed horizontally or vertically.

Durability

When we talk about sustainability, we must always think about the resistance of ancient buildings, such as the Parthenon, the Pyramids, and many other temples or theaters that withstand the test of time. The meteorological phenomena that most affect the stone are acid rain and the freeze-thaw cycles.

There is a test, especially for sandstone, where the stone is immersed in salt water, then dried in the oven. The stone is subjected to this cycle 15 times. The amount of eroded stone is weighed, resulting in a percentage of the residue that the stone loses from these cycles. The weight loss percentage of the tile subjected to the test is based on the estimates in the table below:

A natural stone that belongs to Grade A can be used for exterior cladding of walls, alleys or pool coping around swimming pools. The stones used in the pool design must have a high degree of durability, so an equivalent value of A or even higher is required.

Durability is associated with resistance. Both resistance to pressure and flexion are determined by the link between rock minerals. A tight bond between the mineral particles makes the stone more durable to the mechanical forces created by the crystallization of the salts and processes generated by water freezing. If these mechanical forces born from infiltration of water in the rock are larger than the forces that hold the particles together, the stone may be damaged or chipped.

Water absorption is also an indicator for the stone durability. High-level absorption can allow access to dangerous solutions for naturel stone such as salt or acidic water. These solutions can act chemically or physically on the internal structure of the stone. An aggravating factor in AA or A-grade atmospheres is the distribution and the size of the pores: the more pores and the larger the pore size, the greater the risk that the particular stone is affected by the climatic changes described.

However, if a durable stone (resistance to the salt-rich environment) is required, then we have to choose a stone product with these properties: a small percentage of weight loss following the test described above, a degree of waterproofing and high resistance.

Consequently
All these data presented in the article make us understand the complexity of natural stone used for interior and exterior decoration. Perhaps for some it seems complicated, but any field is complex if you analyze carefully all its details. On the other hand, knowing the details is to master the domain so that we can request the most relevant information at the time of purchase or even before, when we are looking online for the most suitable natural stone for each project individually.

Certainly this article is a good start in solving the problems of everybody with natural stone decoration project. For more information, you can write us an at , or give us a call at +.222.333.

Source photo: stone-ideas.com

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