1,4-BUTANEDIOL - Uses, Side Effects, and More
1,4-BUTANEDIOL - Uses, Side Effects, and More
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5 Key Facts About 1,4-Butanediol (BDO)
1,4-Butanediol (BDO) is a versatile liquid diol intermediate characterized by its reactive primary hydroxyl group and linear structure, which effectively facilitates the formulation of polyurethane elastomers that possess a superior balance of performance and cost.
Gantrade's standard grade of BDO is particularly well-suited for use in polyurethane applications, boasting high purity (≥ 99.85%) and extremely low moisture content.
1. BDO is a preferred chain extender for Polyurethane Elastomers.
In formulations utilizing MDI or H12MDI systems, 1,4-BDO is the chain extender of choice among most manufacturers. It efficiently reacts with MDI, H12MDI, and other aliphatic isocyanates or prepolymers to form crystalline hard segment domains that achieve effective microphase separation. Research indicates that polyurethane properties are significantly influenced by the degree and quality of this hard-block phase separation. As a urethane chain extender, BDO contributes to producing tough, high-strength, durable, and thermally stable polyurethane elastomers.
In thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) formulations, un-crosslinked BDO-MDI domains can melt and flow when subjected to elevated temperatures, permitting thermoplastic processing. The networks reconstitute post-cooling to form resilient elastomeric composites.
Gantrade advocates for the use of BDO as a urethane chain extender, especially with MDI systems, by providing a low moisture, high purity grade optimized for this purpose.
2. BDO has beneficial characteristics as a Chain Extender.
For an effective diol urethane intermediate, optimal characteristics include linearity and ideally possessing an even number of carbon atoms (determined by the number of CH2 groups in the repeating chain). The molecular arrangement of individual hard and soft segments in polyurethanes enhances the overall performance qualities of resultant elastomers.
The data in the following table reveals that the high crystallinity and melt enthalpy (heat required to melt crystalline hard segments) associated with MDI-BDO hard segments are particularly remarkable. Modeling studies show that BDO as the chain extender leads to improved alignment of molecular chains and facilitates inter-chain hydrogen bonding.
Melt Enthalpy for MDI/Diol Segments in Polyester Polyol based PURs
| DIOL IN HARD SEGMENT | ΔH(J/G) | TM °C |
|---|---|---|
| 1,2-EG | 0.9 | 175 |
| 1,3-PDO | 0.4 | 145 |
| 1,4-BDO | 2.8 | 148 |
| 1,5-PDO | 0.14 | 167 |
| 1,6-HDO | 0.69 | 156 |
Source: DuPont Tate & Lyle BioProducts Susterra White Paper at CPI
3. Gantrade's BDO boasts high purity and low moisture content.
Gantrade's urethane grade BDO is characterized by a purity of ≥ 99.85% and a moisture content of ≤ 150 ppm, rendering it particularly advantageous for polyurethane applications. Its low moisture content allows processors to exercise meticulous control over stoichiometry, preventing the reaction of H2O with isocyanates and the subsequent release of CO2 gas bubbles.
SPECIFICATIONS 1,4-BUTANEDIOLAssay, %: ≥ 99.85
Water, Wt. %: ≤ 0.015
Carbonyl, mgKOH/g: ≤ 0.100
Color, APHA: ≤ 5
Appearance: Clear & Free of Suspended Matter
BDO possesses a high boiling point of 235°C (455°F) and a freezing point between 19-20°C (68°F). As BDO solidifies at temperatures around 20°C, suitable storage and handling temperatures are crucial during transfer. BDO's equivalent weight is 45.06, and the hydroxy number is mgKOH/g.
4. Gantrade's BDO is available and user-friendly.
Gantrade maintains BDO stocks in factory sealed 200-KG (441-LB) drums and 20 metric ton ISO tanks.
BDO is classified as non-hazardous and has low toxicity levels. It can be handled in accordance with standard polyurethane processes. Under appropriate storage and handling conditions, BDO has a shelf-life of two years. Customers can acquire an associated SDS through Gantrade Corporation.
BDO is a regulated product intended exclusively for industrial applications; it is not approved for human consumption. As part of Gantrade Corporation's Product Stewardship initiative, certain standard customer information and control measures regarding BDO must be documented prior to its sale and distribution. Gantrade can assist customers through this documentation process.
5. Due to its extensive attributes, BDO has diverse applications.
1,4-Butanediol is commonly used as a chain extender in the production of polyurethanes. In MDI systems, BDO provides several key benefits:
- High, consistent reactivity and shorter demold times with MDI, H12MDI, and prepolymers
- Efficient microphase separation resulting in tough networks characterized by hard-block domains
- A favorable balance of hardness and low-temperature flexibility in polyurethanes
- Enhanced strength, durability, and thermal stability of polyurethanes
- Good melt stability and excellent processing characteristics in TPUs
- Compatibility with various formulation components
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