Is metal a good shock absorber?

mild steel is one of low carbon steel which means not so strong when compared to high carbon one, why is mild steel used instead of high carbon steel?

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When you want a structure to be able to absorb as much energy as possible, you're essentially trying to maximize the area under the stress-strain curve (which turns out to be the strain energy density, which when integrated over volume is strain energy). So you would want to have a material with extreme strength (=high level of stress in the curve) and extreme failure strain (=the curve continuing really far). In addition, if you have high strain hardening, the curve has for higher strains a positive slope, increasing the energy "intake". Its a characteristic of steels that if we increase its strength, we adversely affect its ductility, which means for one that the failure strain decreases (and also strain hardening). In practise, the decrease of ductility associated with strength increase is such that the total energy the material can absord decreases, and as such it becomes feasible to use lower strength ones. [this has a cost effectiveness factor built in, there are ductile higher strength steels which would do a better job, but make the component more expensive one and have typically some manufacturing issues were mild steels behave better, so its an optimization thing between different factors. Also, the "softness" of mild steel gives you some feasible properties e.g. in a car body in which the deformations can be concentrated (has some fine structural design included) where you want them (one typically used design feature)]

well, i was thinking whether the mild steel is heat treated first. but how can annealing change the crystal structure of mild steel? is it something related to the body centered cubic and face centered cubic thing?

Heat treatment of steel is a topic worth many credits (=has quite a bit of stuff in it). Annealing itself is a heat treatment which aims in recrystallization of the microstructure. Typically it reduces internal stresses and "homogenizes" the microstructure by reducing the number of defects and microstructural irregularities & features (which might have been "put" there to increase strength and hardness). So its a treatment reducing hardness, increasing ductility etc (at a constant temperature followed by a relatively slow cooling).

it really confuses me, i thought annealing is going to increase the hardness and strength of mild steel, but its seems to be differnet from what i thought its going to be, can anyone clarify that, coz my teahcer will probably ask me to explain it.

As above, its vice versa. Before annealing the microstructure typically has elements making it a bit too hard & high strength for applications typically suited for "mild steel" (before annealing it ain't quite a mild steel). Those feasible ductility properties of mild steel are attained to great extent (depending on steel again) as a result of annealing (if you need more on the process & details of what is going on in the steel itself "holler").

When you want a structure to be able to absorb as much energy as possible, you're essentially trying to maximize the area under the stress-strain curve (which turns out to be the strain energy density, which when integrated over volume is strain energy). So you would want to have a material with extreme strength (=high level of stress in the curve) and extreme failure strain (=the curve continuing really far). In addition, if you have high strain hardening, the curve has for higher strains a positive slope, increasing the energy "intake". Its a characteristic of steels that if we increase its strength, we adversely affect its ductility, which means for one that the failure strain decreases (and also strain hardening). In practise, the decrease of ductility associated with strength increase is such that the total energy the material can absord decreases, and as such it becomes feasible to use lower strength ones. [this has a cost effectiveness factor built in, there are ductile higher strength steels which would do a better job, but make the component more expensive one and have typically some manufacturing issues were mild steels behave better, so its an optimization thing between different factors. Also, the "softness" of mild steel gives you some feasible properties e.g. in a car body in which the deformations can be concentrated (has some fine structural design included) where you want them (one typically used design feature)]Heat treatment of steel is a topic worth many credits (=has quite a bit of stuff in it). Annealing itself is a heat treatment which aims in recrystallization of the microstructure. Typically it reduces internal stresses and "homogenizes" the microstructure by reducing the number of defects and microstructural irregularities & features (which might have been "put" there to increase strength and hardness). So its a treatment reducing hardness, increasing ductility etc (at a constant temperature followed by a relatively slow cooling).As above, its vice versa. Before annealing the microstructure typically has elements making it a bit too hard & high strength for applications typically suited for "mild steel" (before annealing it ain't quite a mild steel). Those feasible ductility properties of mild steel are attained to great extent (depending on steel again) as a result of annealing (if you need more on the process & details of what is going on in the steel itself "holler").

Sorbothane is the best solution when you need a shock absorbing material. Shock absorbing materials may also be called shock absorbing polymers, viscoelastic polymers, visco polymers or simply polymers. There are many other shock absorbent materials available like rubber, neoprene, silicone, etc. but for our purposes here we&#;ll discuss polymer and Sorbothane specifically.

Whether the problem is shock to the human body or the shock from dropping an electronic device &#; the goal is the same, and that&#;s to protect the potentially precious materials inside. Other shock absorbing material solutions like rubber and other polyurethanes might have their place, but there&#;s only one Sorbothane® and it can be configured to meet your specific needs &#; regardless of the application.

Why Shock Should Be A Priority In Your Design

Unwanted mechanical energy manifests itself as vibration, shock or noise and can become a serious problem within mechanical systems. Finding the right shock absorbing material can be critical when developing an effective and efficient design. In shock absorption, even a little can do a lot of good.

Shock is a major cause of damage and failure with mechanical &#; or more specifically, electronic devices. To describe specifically what we&#;re referring to, shock is typically considered a short-duration event with large magnitude acceleration, such as a drop to the floor or a hard bump against an unyielding object or surface. A shock absorbing material is introduced in the design to transfer the energy from the impact from the surface or chassis directly into the material so the internal components are not damaged.

A common cause of damage to any mechanical device is the G level it experiences. G level is determined by the drop height and rebound. The diagram to the right displays how Sorbothane handles the effect of impulse shock compared to other popular materials.

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Why Sorbothane Is The Best Shock Absorbing Material

Sorbothane absorbs up to 94.7% of impact shock. Sorbothane is a highly-damped, viscoelastic, polymeric solid. Sorbothane &#;flows&#; like a liquid under load and is a thermoset, polyether based polyurethane that combines high energy absorption with near faultless memory. Sorbothane is considered a &#;super soft&#; polyurethane that can simultaneously absorb shock and vibration energy which makes it preferable to one dimensional materials like rubber and other polyurethanes.

Sorbothane combines shock absorption, good memory, vibration isolation and vibration damping characteristics that&#;s combined into a stable material with a long fatigue life.

Assistance with specific applications, technical questions or design problems is available directly from Sorbothane Technical Department. You can also download our Engineering Design Guide to learn more. Product literature and samples also are available by contacting the Customer Service Department at 330.678. ext. 117.

Some examples of how Sorbothane can be used as an effective shock absorbing material can be shown in our Standard Products Guide, including pads, grommets, dampers, bumpers, bushings, sheets, hemispheres, rings and many more applications. If an appropriate isolator cannot be found among the standard products, Sorbothane can also manufacture a custom part or solution based on your design.

Sorbothane has been providing shock absorption solutions since and works to ensure rapid prototyping and timely production of low, medium or high volume needs. We&#;ve helped to transport the Liberty Bell, provided solutions for the Space Shuttle and even devised a series of colossal &#;ball-in-box dampers&#; designed to dissipate wind energy in the new Air Force memorial.

Want to learn more about how Sorbothane&#;s shock absorption solutions can improve your product? Request a quote for your idea or product today.

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