Artificial turf, typically made of polyethylene plastic grass and an infill base of "crumb rubber" derived from ground-up recycled tires (up to 10,000 tires for a single field), has gained popularity in communities across the nation.

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As more natural grass fields are converted to synthetic turf, the debate around possible health risks and the benefits and drawbacks of artificial turf fields has intensified. A spokesperson for the Synthetic Turf Council in Atlanta reported that approximately 900 new synthetic turf fields were installed at schools nationwide.

The following is a summary of the pros and cons of artificial turf:

Pros

• Lower Maintenance Costs. While the initial cost (around $600K) is significant, supporters argue that upkeep is considerably cheaper, estimated to drop from $35K to $5K annually. However, some question whether artificial turf is as cost-effective as claimed, citing potential repairs, vacuuming, refilling, and even watering, suggesting that the fields may not last as long as advertised and raising disposal concerns.
• Pesticide-Free. Unlike natural grass, artificial turf does not require pesticide and fertilizer treatments (though some towns have success with organic grass fields).
• Increased Playability. Artificial turf fields are far more durable than their grass counterparts. They allow for more frequent use and provide practice space for youth sports organizations that might otherwise struggle to find available fields. Issues caused by spring and fall rains that lead to cancellations are mitigated, ensuring a consistent playing surface.
• Fewer Injuries. The durability and even surface of artificial turf mean fewer injuries, unlike grass which can become muddy and uneven due to wear and tear.
• Saves Water. An average natural grass field uses about 50,000 gallons of water weekly during the growing season.

Cons

• Heat Hazard. Artificial fields can become excessively hot, with surface temperatures exceeding 120 degrees on a 98-degree day. A study from Brigham Young University indicated that synthetic turf's surface temperature could be 37 degrees higher than the air temperature. While some argue that use can be managed to avoid peak heat times, it remains a concern.
• Lead Exposure. Excessive lead exposure has been linked to severe health issues. Older turf fields, made from nylon or nylon/polyethylene blends, may pose a risk due to lead content. While polyethylene-only fields show lower lead levels, some communities purchase fields containing lead for coloring and logos.
• Jackie Lombardo from the Sierra Club noted, "Older turf products contain toxic chemicals associated with asthma, learning disabilities, and cancer." It's crucial to recognize the potential health problems associated with many synthetic grass options.
• The CDC recommends eliminating all non-essential lead uses due to health risks, especially for children.
• Zinc Hazard. A Connecticut environmental group has reported high levels of zinc leaching from artificial turf, which may pose cardiovascular risks.
• Other Harmful Chemicals. Shredded rubber might contain toxic metals such as arsenic, cadmium, and chromium.
• Toxic Run-Off. Runoff from artificial fields can contaminate groundwater and drinking water after heavy rains.
• Increased MRSA Risk. Athletes with open skin lesions, often termed "turf burns," are at heightened risk for MRSA infections.
• Bacterial Breeding Ground. Bacteria can survive on synthetic turf for extended periods, leading to potential health hazards.
• Adverse Effects on Asthmatics. Breathing in the dust from ground-up tires can worsen asthma symptoms.
• Once Artificial, Always Artificial. Transitioning to artificial turf can eliminate the ability to grow natural grass on that site due to soil degradation.

Artificial Turf vs Grass: A Comparative Guide With Pros and Cons

In the early 1960s, the Astrodome, Houston's renowned baseball field, installed artificial turf, igniting a trend followed by many others.

Even FIFA adopted artificial turf, choosing it for the World Cup in the early 2000s. The ongoing debate remains: is turf better than grass? To assist in making an informed decision, we’ve compiled a list of pros and cons for each option.

What is Artificial Turf?

Artificial turf is a petroleum-based product that serves as an alternative to natural grass lawns. The installation process first compacts the soil, then lays a layer of sand to ensure the turf remains flat. Finally, a layer of plastic is added, and the artificial turf is secured. Many prefer synthetic turf for its low-maintenance and water-saving qualities.

Benefits of Artificial Turf

When considering artificial grass vs turf, it is essential to weigh its benefits.

Eco-Friendly

Artificial lawns significantly benefit the environment. A natural grass sports field uses between 500,000 and 1 million gallons of water annually. In contrast, each square meter of synthetic turf saves 2,200 gallons per year, while also reducing pesticide use that contributes to water pollution. Furthermore, maintenance activities like mowing, which produce harmful emissions, are eliminated.

Cost-Effective

Compared to natural grass sports fields, artificial turf is more economical. For instance, artificial grass can start at around $9 per square foot, totaling approximately $9,000 for a 1,000 square foot area.

Versatile

Artificial turf maximizes land use in limited recreational areas often found in urban environments or drought-affected regions.

Great in All Weather

Natural grass requires extensive preparation and maintenance in both cold and hot climates. After severe winters, natural grass requires significant financial and time investments for restoration. In contrast, artificial fields maintain uniformity throughout the year and are ready for play quickly.

Durability

Natural grass playing fields often have limitations on usage, typically not exceeding 24 hours a week (around 816 hours per year), which can hinder teams looking to increase playtime.

Improves the Game

The flat surface of artificial turf enhances gameplay, as players can experience better control and pace without the interference of bumps or uneven grass.

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Disadvantages

The drawbacks include:

Runoff

Unlike natural grass, which allows rainwater to seep into the soil, artificial turf's compacted surface leads to stormwater runoff, potentially polluting water sources.

Heat Retention

Artificial turf can exceed natural grass temperatures, reaching up to 150 degrees Fahrenheit, creating safety concerns due to the strong rubber smell and excessive heat.

Natural Grass

Before choosing between artificial and natural grass, consider their respective pros and cons.

Benefits

Natural grass offers many advantages:

Environmental Contributions

Natural grass supports ecosystems by providing oxygen, filtering pollutants, and regulating heat. It effectively enhances air quality by breaking down airborne contaminants, resulting in healthier air.

Stormwater Management

Natural grass plays a role in filtering stormwater and minimizing sediment and pollutants from entering water bodies, effectively absorbing rainfall six times more efficiently than other natural surfaces.

Good Traction

Contrary to synthetic options, natural grass provides better traction, lowering the risk of injuries during play.

Disadvantages

Consider the notable downsides:

Higher Costs

Natural grass is considerably more expensive due to the need for sodding or seeding. The initial expense is higher, as sodding is pre-grown, whereas establishing a lawn from seed takes longer. Additionally, irrigation systems must be installed for maintenance, which can raise overall costs compared to artificial turf installation.

High Maintenance Requirements

Maintaining natural grass involves mowing, edging, aeration, weed control, and watering. It is essential to aerate and overseed to optimize soil health, which incurs further costs from seeds, fertilizers, and water use, especially for large fields.

Conclusion: Turf vs Grass

Choosing between turf and grass can be challenging, as several factors must be evaluated. In hotter climates, maintaining natural grass can be particularly difficult, making artificial turf a more viable option. Additionally, the cost-effectiveness and ease of maintenance associated with artificial turf are substantial advantages. Ultimately, the improved performance for players on smooth, synthetic surfaces should not be overlooked.

If you are considering renovating your playing field, we would be happy to assist you. Please contact us for Football Artificial Grass inquiries or further information.