Understanding Biaxial and Uniaxial Geogrids

Among the various types of geogrids, biaxial and uniaxial geogrids stand out as the most widely utilized variants. Essentially, a geogrid constitutes a geosynthetic material that comprises interconnected parallel tensile ribs featuring apertures large enough for the surrounding soil, stones, or geotechnical elements to pass through (Koerner). More succinctly put, these are plastic lattice structures engineered for specific mechanical characteristics and functionalities.

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A biaxial geogrid boasts a bi-directional design that stretches in both longitudinal and transverse directions, offering uniform mechanical properties across both axes. Conversely, uniaxial geogrids function as unidirectional structures, providing reinforcement primarily in the longitudinal direction.

Selection between these two types hinges on the unique civil engineering requirements for reinforcement and stabilization. Biaxial geogrids facilitate extensive load distribution, making them ideal for building roads, working platforms, or preparing subgrades where stabilization in multiple directions is essential. On the other hand, uniaxial geogrids excel in projects involving vertical components, such as earth retaining structures and steep slopes.

At Titan, we offer a diverse array of both biaxial and uniaxial geogrids tailored for various civil engineering applications.

Biaxial geogrids are geosynthetic materials formed from polypropylene polymers, primarily aimed at reinforcing and stabilizing soils. Their fabrication involves processes such as cross-directional stretching, longitudinal stretching, and extrusion. This meticulous production protocol endows the geogrids with superior tensile strength and high resistance to tension, thereby enhancing their overall load-bearing capacity.

Essential Takeaways

• Geogrids serve the purpose of reinforcing and stabilizing the substrate beneath aggregate layers.
• Available in uniaxial, biaxial, and triaxial formats, the biaxial variant is the most prevalent due to its tensile strength and versatility.
• These geogrids enable efficient compaction of aggregates and distribute loads over a larger surface area.
• When employed with geotextiles, they can effectively separate aggregates from geotextiles, especially in high moisture environments, thus mitigating soil mix and preserving the soil's core bearing capacity.

Understanding the different types of geogrids available on the market is essential; uniaxial, biaxial, and triaxial variants exist, with a focus on the Biaxial Geogrid, which ensures robust subgrade support in both length and width. This capability contributes to its utilization in pavement and road stabilization projects spanning over three decades.

At EasyMerchant, we exclusively stock biaxial geogrids, as the other types are designed for more specialized applications like airport runways and hardstand areas. Biaxial geogrids, by contrast, cater to a wide array of requirements.

Mechanics of Biaxial Geogrid

If the ground is deemed too soft in regions subjected to heavy loads (for instance, slabs, railway sleepers, trucks), the pressure can cause soil deformation. A geogrid aids in stabilizing the soil by compacting the aggregate, which enhances the bearing capacity of the foundation. In simpler terms, it fortifies the substrate and prevents deterioration caused by heavy traffic, thus reducing rutting issues.

In contrast to traditional methods where loads are directly applied to the soil, the geogrid redistributes the heavy load's pressure across its entire surface area. This functionality stems from the subgrade’s dual-direction strength. A practical analogy would be the idea of lying down on thin ice to distribute your body weight over a broader area—similar principles apply here.

This means that once the biaxial geogrid is installed and the load is applied, the soil below compacts further, improving subgrade strength. Consequently, this process proves to be economically advantageous, minimizing both labor and maintenance costs.

Biaxial geogrids are particularly effective for rural tracks or country roads frequented by trucks, as they help mitigate the ruts created by vehicle movement, which would otherwise require regular repairs.

Versatile Applications of Biaxial Geogrids

Geogrids can be strategically integrated beneath various construction surfaces to prevent deformation due to subsidence over time. Typical applications include:

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  Railway Projects
• Airport Runways
• Parking Areas
• Construction Access Roads
• Patios
• Driveways
• Embankment Structures
• Agricultural Tracks
• Country Roads

Geogrids also reinforce the soil behind retaining walls, ensuring soil stability.

Utilizing Geogrids in Conjunction with Geotextiles

In moisture-rich soils, a condition known as "pumping" may arise, where different soil types blend, compromising the soil's bearing capacity. In such cases, a non-woven geotextile membrane can be beneficial for separating the aggregate from the geogrid. This method filters soil particles and prevents them from mixing with the aggregate, facilitating further subgrade compaction while bolstering the ground’s stability and aiding in water drainage.

Guidelines for Installing Biaxial Geogrids

Proper preparation of the subgrade (the base soil or aggregate layer) is crucial before laying down any geogrid. This ground must be leveled according to established guidelines to ensure optimal performance and adherence to construction standards specific to the project. It is advisable to utilize heavy-duty gloves while handling biaxial geogrids due to their potential sharp edges, especially when cut.

The geogrid may be positioned parallel to the central line of your project or transversely. If the site is subject to "pumping," the geotextile membrane should be laid first, followed by the geogrid.

Adjacent rolls must overlap, with the size contingent upon the grading, thickness of the fill, and type of subgrade. On average, a minimum overlap of 300mm and a maximum of 600mm is suggested. Projects may vary based on contractual obligations. Generally, the overlapping sections are secured with aggregate on top, but staples may also be used.

During the filling phase, materials should be added in layers rather than tipped directly onto the geogrid. It is important to handle the geogrids with care to minimize damage risks.

Each project entails specific standards, and compaction should align with established protocols.

We offer two varieties of biaxial geogrids: the 20/20s and 30/30s. The distinction lies in their tensile strength, with the former showcasing 20KN/m and the latter, 30KN/m. Despite their differences, both boast similar grid opening dimensions (40mm) and comparable sizes and weights.

Explore Biaxial Geogrids:

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